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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Class 2 ~ HTML/CSS ~ Girl Develop It</title>
<meta name="description" content="This is curriculum for the GDI RDU intro to web series. It was developed from the official Girl Develop It Core HTML/CSS curriculum">
<meta name="author" content="Girl Develop It">
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/reveal.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/theme/simple.css" id="theme">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/custom.css">
<!-- For syntax highlighting -->
<!-- light editor--><link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/light.css">
<!-- dark editor<link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/dark.css"> -->
<!-- <link rel="stylesheet" href="lib/css/zenburn.css"> -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="plugin/accessibility-helper/css/accessibility-helper.css">
<!-- If the query includes 'print-pdf', include the PDF print sheet -->
<script>
if (window.location.search.match(/print-pdf/gi)) {
var link = document.createElement("link");
link.rel = "stylesheet";
link.type = "text/css";
link.href = "css/print/pdf.css";
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(link);
}
</script>
<!-- If use the PDF print sheet so students can print slides-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/print/pdf.css" type="text/css" media="print">
<link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="favicon.ico" />
<!--[if lt IE 9]>
<script src="lib/js/html5shiv.js"></script>
<![endif]-->
</head>
<body>
<div class="reveal">
<div class="slides">
<section>
<img src="img/circle-gdi-logo.png" alt="GDI Logo" class="noborder">
<h1>Intro to HTML/CSS</h1>
<h2>Class 2</h2>
</section>
<!-- Quiz 1-->
<section>
<h3>Quiz Part 1</h3>
<p>Which tag is used to create a link to another page?</p>
<ol>
<li><p></li>
<li><link></li>
<li><a></li>
<li><america></li>
</ol>
<div class="fragment blue">Answer: <a></div>
</section>
<!-- Quiz 2-->
<section>
<h3>Quiz Part 2</h3>
<p>What are the two tags that nest directly within the <html> tags?</p>
<div class="fragment blue">Answer: <head> and <body></div>
</section>
<!-- Quiz 3-->
<section>
<h3>Quiz Part 3</h3>
<p>What is it called when you have a 'tag' + 'content' + 'closing tag'?</p>
<div class="fragment blue">Answer: An HTML <strong>Element</strong></div>
</section>
<!-- Review: Role of HTML v. CSS-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Review</h3>
<img src="img/elephants.jpg" alt="Two elephants interacting"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/ginable/325235488/">Ginable</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Anatomy of a website</h3>
<p><strong>Your Content</strong><br />
<strong>+ HTML</strong>: Structure<br />
<strong>+ CSS</strong>: Presentation<br />
<strong>= Your Website</strong></p>
<p>A website is a way to present your content to the world, using HTML and CSS to present that content & make it look good.</p>
</section>
<!-- What is CSS-->
<section>
<h3>CSS: What is it?</h3>
<p>CSS = <strong>C</strong>ascading <strong>S</strong>tyle <strong>S</strong>heets</p>
<p>CSS is a "style sheet language" that lets you style the elements on your page.</p>
<p>CSS is works in conjunction with HTML, but is not HTML itself.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>CSS: What can it do?</h3>
<p>All colored text, position, and size</p>
<img src = "img/homepage-view.png" alt="Screenshot of homepage">
</section>
<section>
<h3>CSS: What does it look like?</h3>
<img src = "img/homepage-css.png" alt="Screenshot of CSS">
</section>
<!-- The CSS Rule-->
<section>
<h3>The CSS Rule</h3>
<img src="img/cssrule.png" alt="The CSS Rule" style="border: none; box-shadow: none;"/>
</section>
<section>
<h3>The CSS Rule</h3>
<pre><code class = "css">selector {
property: value;
}
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>A block of CSS code is a rule.</li>
<li>The rule starts with a selector.</li>
<li>It has sets of properties and values.</li>
<li>A property-value pair is a declaration.</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Connecting HTML to CSS-->
<section>
<h3>Connecting CSS to HTML</h3>
<p class = "green">3 ways</p>
<p>"Inline"</p>
<p>"Embedded"</p>
<p>"External"</p>
</section>
<!-- Inline -->
<section>
<h3>Connecting CSS to HTML: Inline</h3>
<pre><code class = "html"><p style="color:red;">Some text.</p>
</code></pre>
<p>Uses the HTML attribute style.</p>
<p>Difficult to use in large projects</p>
<p>Not preferred.</p>
</section>
<!-- Embedded -->
<section>
<h3>Connecting CSS to HTML: Embedded</h3>
<pre><code class = "html"><head>
<style type="text/css">
p {
color: blue;
font-size: 12px;
}
</style>
</head>
</code></pre>
<p>Inside <head> element.</p>
<p>Uses <style> tag.</p>
<p>Can only be used in one html file</p>
</section>
<!-- External-->
<section>
<h3>Connecting CSS to HTML: Linked</h3>
<pre><code class = "html"><head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">
</head>
</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>Shared resource for several pages.</li>
<li>Reduced file size & bandwidth</li>
<li>Easy to maintain in larger projects.</li>
<li>Preferred by nerds everywhere!</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Exercise-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<ul>
<li>In the same folder you used last week, create a new file called style.css</li>
<li>Add a link to the file in the head of your HTML file</li>
<li>Add the CSS rule below to the CSS file:</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class = "css">body {
background-color: yellow;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- CSS Syntax -->
<section>
<h3>CSS Syntax</h3>
<p>Declarations: Property and value of style you plan to use on HTML element. </p>
<p>Declarations end with a semicolon</p>
<p>Declaration groups are surrounded by curly brackets.</p>
<pre><code class="css">selector {
property: value;
property: value;
property: value;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Selectors elements-->
<section>
<h3>Selector: Element</h3>
<pre><code class="css">p {
property: value;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Selects all paragraph elements.</p>
<pre><code class="css">img {
property: value;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Selects all image elements.</p>
</section>
<!-- Color -->
<section>
<h3>CSS Color Values</h3>
<p>Your browser can accept colors in many different ways:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Color name</strong> (ex. red)</li>
<li><strong>Hexadecimal value</strong> (ex. #FF0000)</li>
<li><strong>RGB value</strong> (ex. rgb(255, 0, 0))</li>
<li><strong>HSL value</strong> (ex. hsl(0, 100%, 100%))</li>
</ul>
<p>
The 17 standard colors are:
<span style="color:aqua; background:black;">aqua</span>,
<span style="color:black,">black</span>,
<span style="color:blue;">blue</span>,
<span style="color:fuchsia;">fuchsia</span>,
<span style="color:gray;">gray</span>,
<span style="color:grey;">grey</span>,
<span style="color:green;">green</span>,
<span style="color:lime;">lime</span>,
<span style="color:maroon;">maroon</span>,
<span style="color:navy;">navy</span>,
<span style="color:olive;">olive</span>,
<span style="color:purple;">purple</span>,
<span style="color:red;">red</span>,
<span style="color:silver; background:black;">silver</span>,
<span style="color:teal;">teal</span>,
<span style="color:white; background:black;">white</span>,
and <span style="color:yellow; background:black;">yellow</span>.
</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Property: Color</h3>
<p>The color property changes the color of the text.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
color: red;
color: #ff0000;
color: rgb(255, 0, 0);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Background color-->
<section>
<h3>Property: Background-color</h3>
<p>The background-color property changes the color of the background.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
background-color: black;
background-color: #000000;
background-color: rgb(0,0,0);
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Exercise-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<ul>
<li>Add some rules to your css file</li>
<li>Change the font color and background color of different types of elements</li>
<li>Try selecting links, paragraphs, and lists</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Multiple values -->
<section>
<h3>Property Values</h3>
<p>Each property can have one or more comma separated values.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
color: white;
background-color: red;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Fonts-->
<section>
<h3>Property: Font-family</h3>
<p>The font-family property defines which font is used.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
font-family: "Times New Roman";
font-family: serif;
font-family: "Arial", sans-serif;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Specific font name</p>
<p>Generic name</p>
<p>Comma-separated list</p>
</section>
<!-- Font size -->
<section>
<h3>Property: Font-size</h3>
<p>The font-size property specifies the size of the font.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
font-size: 12px;
font-size: 1.5em;
font-size: 100%;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Pixels</p>
<p>"em"</p>
<p>Percentage</p>
</section>
<!-- Fonts-->
<section>
<h3>Property: Fonts (shorthand)</h3>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
font-style: italic;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 10px;
font-family: sans-serif;
}
</code></pre>
OR
<pre><code class = "css">p {
font: italic bold 10px sans-serif;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Exercise-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<ul>
<li>Change the fonts of your page</li>
<li>Try changing the font sizes and styles for different elements</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Selector position-->
<section>
<h3>Selector: Position</h3>
<pre><code class = "css">p em {
color: yellow;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Selects all em elements that are within a paragraph</p>
<pre><code class = "html"><p>This is <em>important.</em></p>
</code></pre>
<p>The associated HTML.</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Selector: Position</h3>
<ul>
<li>Position selectors are more specific</li>
<li>They look for elements <em>inside</em> other elements</li>
<li>We separate nested elements with a space</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Selector: Position</h3>
<p>So this code:</p>
<pre><code class = "css">ul li a strong {
color: purple;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Means "find a strong tag inside a link inside a list item in an unordered list"</p>
<pre><code class = "html"><ul>
<li><a href="programs.html">Our <strong>program</strong></a></li>
</ul>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<ul>
<li>In your CSS file, try a position selector</li>
<li>Remember, you need to look for an element <em>inside</em> another element</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- IDs and Classes-->
<section>
<h3>Reusing code</h3>
<p>As a general coding principle, <strong>D</strong>on't <strong>R</strong>epeat <strong>Y</strong>ourself.
<p>To reuse CSS, we use IDs and classes.</p>
<img src="img/recycle.jpg" alt="Recycle symbol"/>
<p><small>Photo credit: <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/yomostro/2502577270/">Yo Mostro</a> <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/">cc</a></small></p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>IDs vs. Classes</h3>
<p><strong>ID</strong> -- Should only apply to one element on a webpage, i.e., a webpage only has one footer.<br />
The "#" is how you tell CSS "this is an id."</p>
<p><strong>Class</strong> -- Lots of elements can have the same class, i.e., There can be many warnings on one webpage.<br />
The "." is how you tell CSS "this is a class name."</p>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Selector: ID</h3>
<pre><code class="css">#footer {
property: value;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Selects all elements with an id of "footer".</p>
<pre><code class="html"><p id="footer">Copyright 2018</p>
</code></pre>
<p>The associated HTML.</p>
</section>
<!-- Selectors Class-->
<section>
<h3>Selector: Class</h3>
<pre><code class="css">.warning {
color: red;
}
</code></pre>
<p>Selects all elements with a class of "warning".</p>
<pre><code class="html"><p class="warning">Run away!</p>
</code></pre>
<p>The associated HTML.</p>
</section>
<!-- Exercise-->
<section>
<h3>Let's Develop It</h3>
<ul>
<li>Add an ID and class to a your HTML</li>
<li>Add CSS rules to target these elements</li>
</ul>
</section>
<!-- Cascading-->
<section>
<h3>Cascading</h3>
<p>Styles "cascade" down until changed</p>
<pre><code class = "css">p {
color: blue;
font-family: 'Helvetica';
}
.red {
color: red;
}
#special {
font-family: Arial;
}
</code></pre>
<pre><code class = "html"><p>Paragraph</p>
<p class="red">Paragraph</p>
<p class="red" id="special">Paragraph</p>
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Cascading priority</h3>
<p>Your browser assigns different priorities to CSS depending on the type of selector.</p>
<ol>
<li>!important - <strong>Most Important</strong></li>
<li>In line CSS</li>
<li>ID</li>
<li>Class</li>
<li>Element - <strong>Least Important</strong></li>
</ol>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Cascading priority</h3>
<p>Your browser also assigns priority based on the specificity of the selection. More specific selectors have higher priority.</p>
<pre><code class = "css">.main .sale .clearance p { /*Most specific*/
color: red;
}
.header .title p {
color: green;
}
.footer p { /*Least specific*/
color: blue;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<section>
<h3>Cascading priority</h3>
<p>The tie-breaker is position. Rules lower in the file overwrite rules higher in the file</p>
<pre><code class = "css">a {
background-color: yellow;
}
a {
background-color: teal;
}
a { /*This rule wins*/
background-color: black;
}
</code></pre>
</section>
<!-- Properties-->
<section>
<h3>CSS Properties</h3>
<p>Many CSS properties have self-explanatory names:</p>
<ul>
<li>background-color</li>
<li>font-family</li>
<li>font-size</li>
<li>color</li>
<li>width</li>
<li>height</li>
</ul>
<p><a href = "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/CSS_Reference">Comprehensive list of all CSS properties</a></p>
</section>
<section>
<h2>Questions?</h2>
</section>
</div><!-- Close slides -->
<div>
<footer>
<div class="copyright">
HTML/CSS ~ Girl Develop It
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