"error: linking with cc failed: exit code: 1" when "cargo build"

[sunchao]

Sorry if there's already existing issue on this. I got this error while trying to compile:

error: linking with `cc` failed: exit code: 1
  |
  = note: "cc" "-m64" "-arch" "x86_64" "-L" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.1qgdhmtsn5lnkv8j.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.2b5bdv1nfvan5wo1.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.2e6k6gzldepotkkr.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.2ehepex52twnu29.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.2feok7tp98zmgnqx.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.2xychraeh90cfvyi.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.35lh099spuo5afzi.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.39x11e5urcm3fll7.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.3cwyegk8qfy8j9jr.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.3hqbpq0vwailyg85.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.3llgle4mcv2gsa8b.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.3p3yr63cr3hnokmk.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.3yd6zwrr772y1jzg.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.4dx3ey5bw6285rcm.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.4tni8ozdhyumrdhl.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.4vjfltybq1x8h34a.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.5ar2ow9e817hmgli.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.cmoranf19ulut71.rcgu.o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.nb1d4f5id06cart.rcgu.o" "-o" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/parquet_fuzz.4t3yyk0lw5pr4p91.rcgu.o" "-Wl,-dead_strip" "-nodefaultlibs" "-L" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps" "-L" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/build/lz4-sys-75d1bf02c2659833/out" "-L" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/build/zstd-sys-54febe6eaf3ed3ea/out" "-L" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libparquet-dc1bc7c62a38f07b.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libzstd-bb1c774ed3e9942a.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libzstd_safe-b3e0044f7a0b5401.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libzstd_sys-69b9b529b1294ea6.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblz4-f501a4c7a334df1f.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblz4_sys-9a84dee256a4b44a.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbrotli-1b30fa1df8665d36.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbrotli_decompressor-4a7720cd6922da57.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liballoc_stdlib-cfc5257f59cf3a1e.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liballoc_no_stdlib-f9b3124ebb1dbce0.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbase64-6311ec00b7b3977f.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libflate2-c20ff256eb27ff2b.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libminiz_oxide-ed164e4d0059b7e7.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libadler-8a38c70c610d06bc.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libcrc32fast-14eca9e7134413d4.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libsnap-68ed89cd7a5a711f.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libparquet_format-3a03737573551aba.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libthrift-fcc8521cf5af0bef.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblog-a6baae9ff904adf7.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libthreadpool-4673b2b86b28a1ea.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_cpus-bd5321ee38bd1d4d.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libinteger_encoding-99848279688d9dc1.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libordered_float-c5b63c753198dec8.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libarrow-c417cd30044805b5.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblexical_core-777fb7f94d521d2e.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libarrayvec-1a2eb6ba941e8301.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libstatic_assertions-f673896ca1b11add.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libcfg_if-50ed2fa15d067a29.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/librand-cd4a016769cf4943.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/librand_chacha-30b3e8dca27e5717.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libppv_lite86-e7bf5096a91c4751.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/librand_core-335ed890ef5bd0b6.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libgetrandom-bcbfc405de14b233.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libcfg_if-5440abaea1237bb7.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libflatbuffers-ec15b358a3b4cfd7.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbitflags-41b8f8950e56a876.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libthiserror-c027f5b2cdd1f0bf.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libsmallvec-b2502309bd852f94.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libcsv-5fd93316bdda9d8c.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libcsv_core-69a12f11a329f151.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbstr-a772769fb47f1424.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libregex_automata-d5a4ca174ae8ca28.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libbyteorder-8236ddd56c636592.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libregex-d1bd746e9d1e441a.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libthread_local-6fa356fc31fa5bcd.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblazy_static-9ef0ede18009bf0a.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libregex_syntax-ab13614efcfda18b.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libaho_corasick-fe82c42f86435c80.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libmemchr-12e438b079a3d1cb.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libserde_json-0656961d3dd5315a.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libryu-4636ec5641c33604.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libitoa-ebc28a1bf7410a52.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libindexmap-b7e44a71ecc17e2e.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libhashbrown-db7623be31193963.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libserde-d0bcddd6f89be62e.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libhex-8cdd8a8bec38bbe7.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libchrono-d909d761917eb7d4.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libtime-6fd8ab3934559031.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/liblibc-c4eb520d4d45515d.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum-7a6182b3b6760294.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_iter-dc81085593559119.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_rational-6c493fdd57fe6e0d.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_complex-af1a67dad41e6d69.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_bigint-907febf61642fa6f.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_integer-d5413210bc4b167e.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libnum_traits-b6dd246bb4489433.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libafl-fae3892c7875ba66.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/librustc_version-c7df901fbdf57663.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libsemver-a70ef56560fee6a4.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libsemver_parser-a18caa8df7bbf9cf.rlib" "/Users/foo/git/arrow/rust/target/debug/deps/libxdg-e224ec04d8010fc4.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libstd-518979da66993550.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libpanic_unwind-f52081aedccc205f.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libobject-bad1c02788187328.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libaddr2line-6375d8dbf53aee9d.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libgimli-0ea8539778b0c0ab.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_demangle-64f30c6d69babb18.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libhashbrown-e27428d997fd2532.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_std_workspace_alloc-f02467a76e5a8054.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libunwind-9536efad7116d828.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcfg_if-5ca171f6ec11d7a5.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liblibc-14b621861b38e51f.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/liballoc-38f4a0c206512fa5.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/librustc_std_workspace_core-99bca6ace58141c5.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcore-72a66f4c97a4c0c8.rlib" "/Users/foo/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/rustlib/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib/libcompiler_builtins-e7cd9f0beed2fc0f.rlib" "-lSystem" "-lresolv" "-lc" "-lm"
  = note: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
            "___afl_manual_init", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::hb9502a6cad08967e in parquet_fuzz.4dx3ey5bw6285rcm.rcgu.o
            "___afl_persistent_loop", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::hb9502a6cad08967e in parquet_fuzz.4dx3ey5bw6285rcm.rcgu.o
          ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
          clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)


error: aborting due to previous error

error: could not compile `parquet_fuzz`

I'm on Mac OS and Clang info below:

Apple clang version 11.0.3 (clang-1103.0.32.62)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin19.6.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin

also rustc version:

rustc 1.49.0 (e1884a8e3 2020-12-29)

Anyone knows a workaround? thanks!

[mrthankyou]

I am also experiencing this. Any help on this would be great! Thank you!

[smoelius]

@mrthankyou Could you provide rustc --vesion and cargo afl --version? Also, what operating system are you using?

[dymk]

@smoelius - I'm also experiencing this. I'm on macOS.

$> uname -vrs
Darwin 21.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 21.4.0: Fri Mar 18 00:46:32 PDT 2022; root:xnu-8020.101.4~15/RELEASE_ARM64_T6000

$> cargo --version
cargo 1.62.0 (a748cf5a3 2022-06-08)

$> rustc --version
rustc 1.62.0 (a8314ef7d 2022-06-27)

I'm building with the following:

$> cargo install afl --force --target=x86_64-apple-darwin
... snip, succeeds ...
$> cargo build --target=x86_64-apple-darwin
... snip, fails...
   Compiling trees v0.1.0 (/Users/dymk/code/rust/trees)
error: linking with `cc` failed: exit status: 1
  |
  = note: "cc" "-m64" "-arch" "x86_64" (rest of command)
... snip ...
  = note: Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
            "___afl_manual_init", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::h5911c415b0bde1e1 in trees-24efffd506f49991.45ov7a6lrmjkqhaf.rcgu.o
            "___afl_persistent_loop", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::h5911c415b0bde1e1 in trees-24efffd506f49991.45ov7a6lrmjkqhaf.rcgu.o
            "___afl_fuzz_len", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::h5911c415b0bde1e1 in trees-24efffd506f49991.45ov7a6lrmjkqhaf.rcgu.o
            "___afl_fuzz_ptr", referenced from:
                afl::fuzz::h5911c415b0bde1e1 in trees-24efffd506f49991.45ov7a6lrmjkqhaf.rcgu.o
          ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
          clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

[smoelius]

Thanks for the detailed output, @dymk.

I think I see the problem. One has to use cargo afl build, not cargo build. (The former tells rustc where to find the AFL libraries.)

I'm sorry I didn't spot this sooner. I'm such a moron.

[dymk]

Thank you! This fixed the issue for me.

[smoelius]

@sunchao @mrthankyou Does this fix this issue for you as well? Could we possibly close this issue?

[sunchao]

@smoelius let me try it and reply here, thanks

[cujomalainey]

any chance we can get this added to the help printed for cargo afl just spent last 3h trying to figure out how to reproduce a test case Or (nvm I saw the cargo command oneliner at the top) but it would be great to get a step in the documentation on how to reproduce crashes for debugging?

[smoelius]

it would be great to get a step in the documentation on how to reproduce crashes for debugging?

Do you mean how to rerun the target on an entry in the crashes or hangs directory?

I think the user has to do this themselves. I don't think AFLplusplus provides a solution for this. (I'd be happy to be corrected.)

At the risk of seeming self-promoting, this was one of the reasons why I created test-fuzz.

[cujomalainey]

Do you mean how to rerun the target on an entry in the crashes or hangs directory?

I think the user has to do this themselves. I don't think AFLplusplus provides a solution for this. (I'd be happy to be corrected.)

If you can find cargo afl run then you can just pass the test case back in via stdin

[smoelius]

Huh, I guess that will work in most situations.

Would you like to propose a change to the documentation?

[cujomalainey]

Huh, I guess that will work in most situations.

Would you like to propose a change to the documentation?

Sure i will try and send a PR tomorrow

[cujomalainey]

@smoelius rust-fuzz/book#32

[mark-b-kauffman]

I was getting this error. It was because I just recently upgraded my Mac OS and had not yet accepted the xcode license. Make sure you do that. Cheers!