Last: http://localhost:8884/#/8/50
- Start classes 1 hour early
- Get the link to the Zend Yellow Pages
- Get the link to the topic areas
For Thu 17 Nov 2022
- All remaining quiz questions
- Final Mock Exam
For Tue 15 Nov 2022
- Quiz questions for Topic #6 (OOP)
- Mock Exam #2
For Thu 10 Nov 2022
- Quiz questions for Topic #4 (Arrays)
- Quiz questions for Topic #5 (I/O)
- Quiz questions for Topic #6 (Functions)
- Mock Exam #1
For Tue 8 Nov 2022
- Quiz questions for Topic #2 (Data Formats and Types)
- Quiz questions for Topic #3 (Strings and Patterns)
For Thu 3 Nov 2022
- Quiz questions for Topic #1 (Basics)
- Download the ZIP file via Zoom
- Unzip into a new folder
/path/to/zip - Follow the setup instructions in
/path/to/zip/README.md
- Q: How do I know if an extension is part of the "core"
- A: See: https://github.com/php/php-src/tree/php-7.1.33/ext
- These are all core
- Not all are enabled by default
- Only the ones enabled will be on the test
What's the difference between
define()andconstfor constants:
<?php
namespace x {
define('TEST1', 'xyz');
const TEST2 = 'abc';
}
namespace y {
function test()
{
return TEST1 . TEST2;
}
echo test();
// output: xyzTEST2
}
``
Namespaces:
* Cannot have keywords in the namespace in PHP 7.1
namespace Test\List\Whatever;
use ArrayObject;
$obj = new ArrayObject([1,2,3,4,5]); var_dump($obj); // PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'List' (T_LIST), expecting identifier (T_STRING) in /srv/code/test.php on line 2
IMPORTANT: when assigning objects, it's automatically by reference (even without the `&`)
Para 2
Para 3
'; // $pat = '!.*
!'; // returns the entire string $pat = '!.*?
!'; // returns "Para 1
" preg_match($pat, $str, $matches); var_dump($matches); echo PHP_EOL; ``` ## Arrays For iterating through an array beginning-to-end don't forget about these functions: * `array_walk()` * `array_walk_recursive()` * `array_map()` Also: please don't forget the array *navigation* functions: * `reset()`: sets pointer to top * `end()` : sets pointer to end * `prev()` : advances array pointer * `next()` : un-advances array pointer * `key()` : returns index value at array pointer * `current()` : returns value of element at array pointer ## I/O Streams * Don't have to study *all* functions, just certain of the more common ones * https://www.php.net/streams * `stream_context_create()` * `stream_wrapper_register()` * `stream_filter_register()` * `stream_filter_append()` * `stream_socket_client()` In addition to the informational file functions mentioned, you also have: * `fileatime()` * `filemtime()` * `filectime()` etc. ## Functions * Read up on `Closure::bindTo()` * https://www.php.net/manual/en/closure.bindto.php ## OOP * Read up on magic methods! * https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.magic.php * Examples: https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/tree/master/oop/*magic*.php * Don't worry about any methods added after PHP 7.1 * `__destruct()` called when object goes out-of-scope * End of program * `unset()` * Called in a function and function call ends * Overwritten * Iteration * Lookup these interfaces and understand what they do * `Traversable` * Both of the interfaces mentioned `extend` this interface * `Iterator` * Introduced earlier * Requires hard-coded iteration methods * `IteratorAggregate` * Passes the buck * Don't have to hard code iteration methods * Late static binding * https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.late-static-bindings.php * Serialization example: ``` a = $a; $this->b = $b; $this->c = $c; $this->d = $d; $this->e = md5(rand(1111,9999)); } public function __sleep() { return ['a','b','c','d']; } public function __wakeup() { $this->e = md5(rand(1111,9999)); } } $test = new Test(222, 3.456, 'TEST', [1,2,3]); var_dump($test); $str = serialize($test); echo $str . PHP_EOL; $obj = unserialize($str); var_dump($obj); ``` * SPL * Make sure you study: * `*Iterator*` : just know what they are * `ArrayIterator` and `ArrayObject` make sure you're up to speed on these! * Just be aware of the "classic" data structure classes * Generators * https://www.php.net/manual/en/class.generator.php * Late Static Binding * https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.late-static-bindings.php * Traits * https://www.php.net/manual/en/language.oop5.traits.php ## Database Topic Fetch Modes: * Focus on array and object fetch modes Study the difference between `bindValue()` and `bindParam()` ## Security Topic Questions are drawn from here: * https://www.php.net/manual/en/security.php Read up on the `crypt()` function * https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.crypt.php Make sure you read up on `htmlspecialchars()` * https://www.php.net/htmlspecialchars Do a quick read on the `crypt()` function * `password_hash()` leverages this * Might be on the test File upload documentation * https://www.php.net/manual/en/features.file-upload.php Security related `php.ini` settings * `open_basedir` * `doc_root` * `user_dir` * `cgi.force_redirect` Security validation functions * is_*() * Checks the actual data type of the variable * ctype_*() * This family checks the actual *contents* of the variable * filter*() ## Web Features Make sure you're up on the `php.ini` settings pertaining to web features URL: https://www.php.net/manual/en/ini.list.php * `variables_order` * `request_order` * `memory_limit` * `post_max_size` * `upload_max_filesize` * `file_uploads` * `max_file_uploads` ## Error Handling Example of aggregated Catch block: ``` try { $pdo = new PDO($params); $pdo->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); } catch (PDOException | Exception $e) { error_log('Database error: ' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s')); } catch (Throwable $e) { error_log('Any and all errors or exceptions: ' . date('Y-m-d H:i:s')); } finally { echo 'Database connection '; echo ($pdo) ? 'succeeded' : 'failed'; } ``` Example of making object callable: ``` num += $val; } }; $a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]; array_walk($a, $sum); echo 'Sum of Digits: ' . $sum->num; // output: 36 ``` See: https://github.com/dbierer/classic_php_examples/blob/master/oop/callable_examples.php ## Error Handling * Don't forget to study the `error_log()` as well * https://www.php.net/manual/en/function.error-log.php * Also: there are a few others to look for as well * https://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.errorfunc.php ## Resources * https://xkcd.com/327/ ## Change Request * http://localhost:8884/#/8/41 * No property level data-typing in PHP 7.1!!! * s/be ``` first = $first; $this->last = $last; $this->hash = bin2hex(random_bytes(8)); } public function __sleep() { return ['first','last']; } public function getFullName() { return $this->first . ' ' . $this->last; } } $userEntity = new UserEntity('Mark', 'Watney'); $str = serialize($userEntity); echo $str; // NOTE: "hash" does not appear in serialized string ``` * http://localhost:8884/#/8/37 * Please provide a simpler and clearer example! * http://localhost:8884/#/8/26 * Please rework this example: not 100% clear on how Interfaces are used * http://localhost:8884/#/8/10 * Doesn't work as written * Try this: ``` set($name, $value); } public function set(string $name, callable $value) { $this->services[$name] = $value; } public function get(string $name) { return $this->services[$name](); } } $callback = function () { return (new DateTime())->format('l, d M Y'); }; $container = new ServiceContainer('date', $callback); echo $container->get('date'); ```