diff --git a/.eslintrc.js b/.eslintrc.js
index fce388e00095..fe98be14e2a7 100644
--- a/.eslintrc.js
+++ b/.eslintrc.js
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const allPackages = [
   'packages/common/debug',
   'packages/common/env',
   'packages/common/infra',
-  'packages/common/theme',
+  'packages/common/doc-storage',
   'tools/cli',
 ];
 
diff --git a/packages/backend/server/src/core/doc/storage/index.ts b/packages/backend/server/src/core/doc/storage/index.ts
index 6ba0e23dd111..3e56264bd1ba 100644
--- a/packages/backend/server/src/core/doc/storage/index.ts
+++ b/packages/backend/server/src/core/doc/storage/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-// TODO(@forehalo): share with frontend
+// This is a totally copy of definitions in [@affine/doc-storage]
+// because currently importing cross workspace package from [@affine/server] is not yet supported
+// should be kept updated with the original definitions in [@affine/doc-storage]
 import type { BlobStorageAdapter } from './blob';
 import { Connection } from './connection';
 import type { DocStorageAdapter } from './doc';
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/package.json b/packages/common/doc-storage/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a67dcb495c23
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "name": "@affine/doc-storage",
+  "type": "module",
+  "version": "0.15.0",
+  "private": true,
+  "sideEffects": false,
+  "exports": {
+    ".": "./src/index.ts"
+  },
+  "dependencies": {
+    "lodash-es": "^4.17.21",
+    "yjs": "patch:yjs@npm%3A13.6.18#~/.yarn/patches/yjs-npm-13.6.18-ad0d5f7c43.patch"
+  },
+  "devDependencies": {
+    "@types/lodash-es": "^4.17.12"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/src/blob.ts b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/blob.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e3c78191b7fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/blob.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { Connection } from './connection';
+
+export interface BlobStorageOptions {}
+
+export interface Blob {
+  key: string;
+  bin: Uint8Array;
+  mimeType: string;
+}
+
+export abstract class BlobStorageAdapter extends Connection {
+  abstract getBlob(spaceId: string, key: string): Promise<Blob | null>;
+  abstract setBlob(spaceId: string, blob: Blob): Promise<string>;
+  abstract deleteBlob(spaceId: string, key: string): Promise<boolean>;
+  abstract listBlobs(spaceId: string): Promise<Blob>;
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/src/connection.ts b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/connection.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f82a72fbd393
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/connection.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+export class Connection {
+  protected connected: boolean = false;
+  connect(): Promise<void> {
+    this.connected = true;
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+  disconnect(): Promise<void> {
+    this.connected = false;
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/src/doc.ts b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/doc.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b819dd728e86
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/doc.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+import {
+  applyUpdate,
+  Doc,
+  encodeStateAsUpdate,
+  encodeStateVector,
+  mergeUpdates,
+  UndoManager,
+} from 'yjs';
+
+import { Connection } from './connection';
+import { SingletonLocker } from './lock';
+
+export interface DocRecord {
+  spaceId: string;
+  docId: string;
+  bin: Uint8Array;
+  timestamp: number;
+  editor?: string;
+}
+
+export interface DocUpdate {
+  bin: Uint8Array;
+  timestamp: number;
+  editor?: string;
+}
+
+export interface HistoryFilter {
+  before?: number;
+  limit?: number;
+}
+
+export interface Editor {
+  name: string;
+  avatarUrl: string | null;
+}
+
+export interface DocStorageOptions {
+  mergeUpdates?: (updates: Uint8Array[]) => Promise<Uint8Array> | Uint8Array;
+}
+
+export abstract class DocStorageAdapter extends Connection {
+  private readonly locker = new SingletonLocker();
+
+  constructor(
+    protected readonly options: DocStorageOptions = {
+      mergeUpdates,
+    }
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  // open apis
+  isEmptyBin(bin: Uint8Array): boolean {
+    return (
+      bin.length === 0 ||
+      // 0x0 for state vector
+      (bin.length === 1 && bin[0] === 0) ||
+      // 0x00 for update
+      (bin.length === 2 && bin[0] === 0 && bin[1] === 0)
+    );
+  }
+
+  async getDoc(spaceId: string, docId: string): Promise<DocRecord | null> {
+    await using _lock = await this.lockDocForUpdate(spaceId, docId);
+
+    const snapshot = await this.getDocSnapshot(spaceId, docId);
+    const updates = await this.getDocUpdates(spaceId, docId);
+
+    if (updates.length) {
+      const { timestamp, bin, editor } = await this.squash(
+        snapshot ? [snapshot, ...updates] : updates
+      );
+
+      const newSnapshot = {
+        spaceId: spaceId,
+        docId,
+        bin,
+        timestamp,
+        editor,
+      };
+
+      const success = await this.setDocSnapshot(newSnapshot);
+
+      // if there is old snapshot, create a new history record
+      if (success && snapshot) {
+        await this.createDocHistory(snapshot);
+      }
+
+      // always mark updates as merged unless throws
+      await this.markUpdatesMerged(spaceId, docId, updates);
+
+      return newSnapshot;
+    }
+
+    return snapshot;
+  }
+
+  abstract pushDocUpdates(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string,
+    updates: Uint8Array[],
+    editorId?: string
+  ): Promise<number>;
+
+  abstract deleteDoc(spaceId: string, docId: string): Promise<void>;
+  abstract deleteSpace(spaceId: string): Promise<void>;
+  async rollbackDoc(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string,
+    timestamp: number,
+    editorId?: string
+  ): Promise<void> {
+    await using _lock = await this.lockDocForUpdate(spaceId, docId);
+    const toSnapshot = await this.getDocHistory(spaceId, docId, timestamp);
+    if (!toSnapshot) {
+      throw new Error('Can not find the version to rollback to.');
+    }
+
+    const fromSnapshot = await this.getDocSnapshot(spaceId, docId);
+
+    if (!fromSnapshot) {
+      throw new Error('Can not find the current version of the doc.');
+    }
+
+    const change = this.generateChangeUpdate(fromSnapshot.bin, toSnapshot.bin);
+    await this.pushDocUpdates(spaceId, docId, [change], editorId);
+    // force create a new history record after rollback
+    await this.createDocHistory(fromSnapshot, true);
+  }
+
+  abstract getSpaceDocTimestamps(
+    spaceId: string,
+    after?: number
+  ): Promise<Record<string, number> | null>;
+  abstract listDocHistories(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string,
+    query: { skip?: number; limit?: number }
+  ): Promise<{ timestamp: number; editor: Editor | null }[]>;
+  abstract getDocHistory(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string,
+    timestamp: number
+  ): Promise<DocRecord | null>;
+
+  // api for internal usage
+  protected abstract getDocSnapshot(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string
+  ): Promise<DocRecord | null>;
+  protected abstract setDocSnapshot(snapshot: DocRecord): Promise<boolean>;
+  protected abstract getDocUpdates(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string
+  ): Promise<DocUpdate[]>;
+  protected abstract markUpdatesMerged(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string,
+    updates: DocUpdate[]
+  ): Promise<number>;
+
+  protected abstract createDocHistory(
+    snapshot: DocRecord,
+    force?: boolean
+  ): Promise<boolean>;
+
+  protected async squash(updates: DocUpdate[]): Promise<DocUpdate> {
+    const merge = this.options?.mergeUpdates ?? mergeUpdates;
+    const lastUpdate = updates.at(-1);
+    if (!lastUpdate) {
+      throw new Error('No updates to be squashed.');
+    }
+
+    // fast return
+    if (updates.length === 1) {
+      return lastUpdate;
+    }
+
+    const finalUpdate = await merge(updates.map(u => u.bin));
+
+    return {
+      bin: finalUpdate,
+      timestamp: lastUpdate.timestamp,
+      editor: lastUpdate.editor,
+    };
+  }
+
+  protected async lockDocForUpdate(
+    spaceId: string,
+    docId: string
+  ): Promise<AsyncDisposable> {
+    return this.locker.lock(`workspace:${spaceId}:update`, docId);
+  }
+
+  protected generateChangeUpdate(newerBin: Uint8Array, olderBin: Uint8Array) {
+    const newerDoc = new Doc();
+    applyUpdate(newerDoc, newerBin);
+    const olderDoc = new Doc();
+    applyUpdate(olderDoc, olderBin);
+
+    const newerState = encodeStateVector(newerDoc);
+    const olderState = encodeStateVector(olderDoc);
+
+    const diff = encodeStateAsUpdate(newerDoc, olderState);
+
+    const undoManager = new UndoManager(Array.from(newerDoc.share.values()));
+
+    applyUpdate(olderDoc, diff);
+
+    undoManager.undo();
+
+    return encodeStateAsUpdate(olderDoc, newerState);
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/src/index.ts b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/index.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..db27a63e70f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/index.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// TODO(@forehalo): share with backend
+import type { BlobStorageAdapter } from './blob';
+import { Connection } from './connection';
+import type { DocStorageAdapter } from './doc';
+
+export class SpaceStorage extends Connection {
+  constructor(
+    public readonly doc: DocStorageAdapter,
+    public readonly blob: BlobStorageAdapter
+  ) {
+    super();
+  }
+
+  override async connect() {
+    await this.doc.connect();
+    await this.blob.connect();
+  }
+
+  override async disconnect() {
+    await this.doc.disconnect();
+    await this.blob.disconnect();
+  }
+}
+
+export { BlobStorageAdapter, type BlobStorageOptions } from './blob';
+export {
+  type DocRecord,
+  DocStorageAdapter,
+  type DocStorageOptions,
+  type DocUpdate,
+  type Editor,
+  type HistoryFilter,
+} from './doc';
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/src/lock.ts b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/lock.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..c4fcf45f3e56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/src/lock.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+export interface Locker {
+  lock(domain: string, resource: string): Promise<Lock>;
+}
+
+export class SingletonLocker implements Locker {
+  lockedResource = new Map<string, Lock>();
+  constructor() {}
+
+  async lock(domain: string, resource: string) {
+    let lock = this.lockedResource.get(`${domain}:${resource}`);
+
+    if (!lock) {
+      lock = new Lock();
+    }
+
+    await lock.acquire();
+
+    return lock;
+  }
+}
+
+export class Lock {
+  private inner: Promise<void> = Promise.resolve();
+  private release: () => void = () => {};
+
+  async acquire() {
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion
+    let release: () => void = null!;
+    const nextLock = new Promise<void>(resolve => {
+      release = resolve;
+    });
+
+    await this.inner;
+    this.inner = nextLock;
+    this.release = release;
+  }
+
+  [Symbol.asyncDispose]() {
+    this.release();
+    return Promise.resolve();
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.json b/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..76a00b3af083
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.json
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../../../tsconfig.json",
+  "include": ["./src"],
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "composite": true,
+    "noEmit": false,
+    "outDir": "lib"
+  },
+  "references": [
+    {
+      "path": "./tsconfig.node.json"
+    }
+  ]
+}
diff --git a/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.node.json b/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.node.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..a51a6ab74414
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/common/doc-storage/tsconfig.node.json
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+{
+  "extends": "../../../tsconfig.json",
+  "compilerOptions": {
+    "composite": true,
+    "module": "ESNext",
+    "moduleResolution": "Node",
+    "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
+    "outDir": "lib",
+    "noEmit": false
+  }
+}
diff --git a/tsconfig.json b/tsconfig.json
index 9b7a7ee952fb..824d8287cf05 100644
--- a/tsconfig.json
+++ b/tsconfig.json
@@ -72,7 +72,8 @@
       "@affine/native/*": ["./packages/frontend/native/*"],
       "@affine/server-native": ["./packages/backend/native/index.d.ts"],
       // Development only
-      "@affine/electron/*": ["./packages/frontend/electron/src/*"]
+      "@affine/electron/*": ["./packages/frontend/electron/src/*"],
+      "@affine/doc-storage": ["./packages/common/doc-storage/src"]
     }
   },
   "include": [],
@@ -119,6 +120,9 @@
     {
       "path": "./packages/common/infra"
     },
+    {
+      "path": "./packages/common/doc-storage"
+    },
     // Tools
     {
       "path": "./tools/cli"
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 5fe9ebef6bc2..72cfc6f9e80a 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -523,6 +523,16 @@ __metadata:
   languageName: unknown
   linkType: soft
 
+"@affine/doc-storage@workspace:packages/common/doc-storage":
+  version: 0.0.0-use.local
+  resolution: "@affine/doc-storage@workspace:packages/common/doc-storage"
+  dependencies:
+    "@types/lodash-es": "npm:^4.17.12"
+    lodash-es: "npm:^4.17.21"
+    yjs: "patch:yjs@npm%3A13.6.18#~/.yarn/patches/yjs-npm-13.6.18-ad0d5f7c43.patch"
+  languageName: unknown
+  linkType: soft
+
 "@affine/docs@workspace:docs/reference":
   version: 0.0.0-use.local
   resolution: "@affine/docs@workspace:docs/reference"