Add python bindings for new dataframe APIs

[jleibs]

What

• First pass at implementing APIs for: Expand python APIs to support new data API concepts #7455
• Introduces a new mechanism for directly exposing rust types into the python bridge via a .pyi definition

Example notebook for testing

pixi run py-build-examples
pixi run -e examples jupyter notebook tests/python/dataframe/examples.ipynb

Future work:

• More docs / help strings
• Remaining API features

Checklist

• I have read and agree to Contributor Guide and the Code of Conduct
• I've included a screenshot or gif (if applicable)
• I have tested the web demo (if applicable):
  • Using examples from latest main build: rerun.io/viewer
  • Using full set of examples from nightly build: rerun.io/viewer
• The PR title and labels are set such as to maximize their usefulness for the next release's CHANGELOG
• If applicable, add a new check to the release checklist!
• If have noted any breaking changes to the log API in CHANGELOG.md and the migration guide

• PR Build Summary
• Recent benchmark results
• Wasm size tracking

To run all checks from main, comment on the PR with @rerun-bot full-check.

[teh-cmc]

Guess it doesn't after all?

[jleibs]

I kind of feel like this goes away and these APIs move to the view? Punting that until after this PR either way.

[emilk]

This PR added a dependency on TypeAlias which was added in Python 3.10, making Rerun incompatible with earlier Rerun versions:

❯ python --version
Python 3.9.12

❯ python test.py /tmp/dna.rrd                                           
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/Users/emilk/code/rerun/test.py", line 2, in <module>
    import rerun as rr
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/lib/python3.9/site-packages/rerun_sdk/rerun/__init__.py", line 18, in <module>
    import rerun_bindings as bindings  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
  File "/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/lib/python3.9/site-packages/rerun_bindings/__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
    from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, TypeAlias, Union
ImportError: cannot import name 'TypeAlias' from 'typing' (/opt/homebrew/Caskroom/miniconda/base/lib/python3.9/typing.py)

[emilk]

Why add these imports here?

I removed them in #7794