Support for wasm32-wali-linux-musl Tier-3 target

[arjunr2]

Adding a new target -- wasm32-wali-linux-musl -- to the compiler can target the WebAssembly Linux Interface according to MCP rust-lang/compiler-team#797
Preliminary support involves minimal changes, primarily

• A new target spec for wasm32_wali_linux_musl that bridges linux options with supported wasm options. Right now, since there is no canonical Linux ABI for Wasm, we use wali in the vendor field, but this can be migrated in future version.
• Dependency patches to the following crates are required and these crates can be updated to bring target support:
  • stdarch Stdarch support for wasm32-wali-linux-musl Tier-3 Linux target stdarch#1702
  • libc feat: Wasm Linux support wasm32-wali libc#4244
  • cc CC support for wasm32-wali-linux-musl Tier-3 Linux target cc-rs#1373
• Minimal additions for FFI support

cc @tgross35 for libc-related changes

Tier-3 policy:

A tier 3 target must have a designated developer or developers (the "target maintainers") on record to be CCed when issues arise regarding the target. (The mechanism to track and CC such developers may evolve over time.)

I will take responsibility for maintaining this target as well as issues

Targets must use naming consistent with any existing targets; for instance, a target for the same CPU or OS as an existing Rust target should use the same name for that CPU or OS. Targets should normally use the same names and naming conventions as used elsewhere in the broader ecosystem beyond Rust (such as in other toolchains), unless they have a very good reason to diverge. Changing the name of a target can be highly disruptive, especially once the target reaches a higher tier, so getting the name right is important even for a tier 3 target.

The target name is consistent with naming patterns from currently supported targets for arch (wasm32), OS, (linux) and env (musl)

Target names should not introduce undue confusion or ambiguity unless absolutely necessary to maintain ecosystem compatibility. For example, if the name of the target makes people extremely likely to form incorrect beliefs about what it targets, the name should be changed or augmented to disambiguate it.

No naming confusion is introduced.

If possible, use only letters, numbers, dashes and underscores for the name. Periods (.) are known to cause issues in Cargo.

Compliant

Tier 3 targets may have unusual requirements to build or use, but must not create legal issues or impose onerous legal terms for the Rust project or for Rust developers or users.

It's fully open source

The target must not introduce license incompatibilities. Anything added to the Rust repository must be under the standard Rust license (MIT OR Apache-2.0).

Noted

The target must not cause the Rust tools or libraries built for any other host (even when supporting cross-compilation to the target) to depend on any new dependency less permissive than the Rust licensing policy. This applies whether the dependency is a Rust crate that would require adding new license exceptions (as specified by the tidy tool in the rust-lang/rust repository), or whether the dependency is a native library or binary. In other words, the introduction of the target must not cause a user installing or running a version of Rust or the Rust tools to be subject to any new license requirements.

Compliant

Compiling, linking, and emitting functional binaries, libraries, or other code for the target (whether hosted on the target itself or cross-compiling from another target) must not depend on proprietary (non-FOSS) libraries. Host tools built for the target itself may depend on the ordinary runtime libraries supplied by the platform and commonly used by other applications built for the target, but those libraries must not be required for code generation for the target; cross-compilation to the target must not require such libraries at all. For instance, rustc built for the target may depend on a common proprietary C runtime library or console output library, but must not depend on a proprietary code generation library or code optimization library. Rust's license permits such combinations, but the Rust project has no interest in maintaining such combinations within the scope of Rust itself, even at tier 3.

All tools are open-source

"onerous" here is an intentionally subjective term. At a minimum, "onerous" legal/licensing terms include but are not limited to: non-disclosure requirements, non-compete requirements, contributor license agreements (CLAs) or equivalent, "non-commercial"/"research-only"/etc terms, requirements conditional on the employer or employment of any particular Rust developers, revocable terms, any requirements that create liability for the Rust project or its developers or users, or any requirements that adversely affect the livelihood or prospects of the Rust project or its developers or users.

No terms present

Neither this policy nor any decisions made regarding targets shall create any binding agreement or estoppel by any party. If any member of an approving Rust team serves as one of the maintainers of a target, or has any legal or employment requirement (explicit or implicit) that might affect their decisions regarding a target, they must recuse themselves from any approval decisions regarding the target's tier status, though they may otherwise participate in discussions.
This requirement does not prevent part or all of this policy from being cited in an explicit contract or work agreement (e.g. to implement or maintain support for a target). This requirement exists to ensure that a developer or team responsible for reviewing and approving a target does not face any legal threats or obligations that would prevent them from freely exercising their judgment in such approval, even if such judgment involves subjective matters or goes beyond the letter of these requirements.

I am not a reviewer

Tier 3 targets should attempt to implement as much of the standard libraries as possible and appropriate (core for most targets, alloc for targets that can support dynamic memory allocation, std for targets with an operating system or equivalent layer of system-provided functionality), but may leave some code unimplemented (either unavailable or stubbed out as appropriate), whether because the target makes it impossible to implement or challenging to implement. The authors of pull requests are not obligated to avoid calling any portions of the standard library on the basis of a tier 3 target not implementing those portions.

This target supports the full standard library with appropriate configuration stubs where necessary (however, similar to all existing wasm32 targets, it excludes dynamic linking or hardware-specific features)

The target must provide documentation for the Rust community explaining how to build for the target, using cross-compilation if possible. If the target supports running binaries, or running tests (even if they do not pass), the documentation must explain how to run such binaries or tests for the target, using emulation if possible or dedicated hardware if necessary.

Preliminary documentation is provided at https://github.com/arjunr2/WALI. Further detailed docs (if necessary) can be added once this PR lands

Tier 3 targets must not impose burden on the authors of pull requests, or other developers in the community, to maintain the target. In particular, do not post comments (automated or manual) on a PR that derail or suggest a block on the PR based on a tier 3 target. Do not send automated messages or notifications (via any medium, including via @) to a PR author or others involved with a PR regarding a tier 3 target, unless they have opted into such messages.
Backlinks such as those generated by the issue/PR tracker when linking to an issue or PR are not considered a violation of this policy, within reason. However, such messages (even on a separate repository) must not generate notifications to anyone involved with a PR who has not requested such notifications.

Understood

Patches adding or updating tier 3 targets must not break any existing tier 2 or tier 1 target, and must not knowingly break another tier 3 target without approval of either the compiler team or the maintainers of the other tier 3 target.
In particular, this may come up when working on closely related targets, such as variations of the same architecture with different features. Avoid introducing unconditional uses of features that another variation of the target may not have; use conditional compilation or runtime detection, as appropriate, to let each target run code supported by that target.

To the best of my knowledge, it does not break any existing target in the ecosystem -- only minimal configuration-specific additions were made to support the target.

Tier 3 targets must be able to produce assembly using at least one of rustc's supported backends from any host target. (Having support in a fork of the backend is not sufficient, it must be upstream.)

We can upstream LLVM target support

[rustbot]

Thanks for the pull request, and welcome! The Rust team is excited to review your changes, and you should hear from @chenyukang (or someone else) some time within the next two weeks.

Please see the contribution instructions for more information. Namely, in order to ensure the minimum review times lag, PR authors and assigned reviewers should ensure that the review label (S-waiting-on-review and S-waiting-on-author) stays updated, invoking these commands when appropriate:

• @rustbot author: the review is finished, PR author should check the comments and take action accordingly
• @rustbot review: the author is ready for a review, this PR will be queued again in the reviewer's queue

[rustbot]

⚠️ Warning ⚠️

• These commits modify submodules.

[rustbot]

This PR changes how LLVM is built. Consider updating src/bootstrap/download-ci-llvm-stamp.

These commits modify compiler targets.
(See the Target Tier Policy.)

[workingjubilee]

I would recommend you disable the std support that depends on libc/stdarch, rather than requiring diffs to them to land first.

[arjunr2]

Realized I pulled in all cyclic dependency required changes to get the build to work locally. I'll split the PRs as mentioned without libc/stdarch so PRs can land

[rustbot]

These commits modify compiler targets.
(See the Target Tier Policy.)

This PR changes how LLVM is built. Consider updating src/bootstrap/download-ci-llvm-stamp.