Early Experimental!
(WIP - Work in Progress)
- Download Linux-Pi-Distribution
Raspbian Buster lastest (Full) >= v4.19.97+
or use the extra provided imager and extract and load bootable image on SD-card via Rufus
- Get this program:
sudo apt-get install git via git or download it on the page as .tar.gz
sudo git clone https://www.github.com/wodowiesel/PiFunk
- Configurations
To configure the Pi modules via menu (I2C, ALSA-Audio, UART etc.): sudo raspi-config
- Not recommending to use w1-protocol at the beginning (i don't need it in my setup)
Using w1-gpio sometimes needs a 4.7 - 10 kΩ pullup resistor connected on GPIO-Pin
1-Wire by default BCM4 setting needs to be activated in boot-config for additional autostart
if you like to you can install wiringpi
via sudo apt-get install wiringpi
(if you have problems while transmission deactivate 1-wire config, default should be off!)
- Adding parameters:
Manually open with nano-editor:
sudo nano /boot/config.txt (i provide one too)
check/add lines:
dtoverlay=i2c1-bcm2708 for Pi1, Pi4: 2711 for using I2C Bus
dtoverlay=gpiopin=4,pullup=0 add pullup=1 or w1-gpio if needed
dtoverlay=audio=on for bcm-alsa-audio required!
optional:
dtparam=spi=on for SPI support optional
enable_uart=1 for UART RX & TX remote control
init_uart_baud=9600 data transmission rate for serial data
dtoverlay=pps-gpio,gpiopin=18 for GPS-device pps (puls-per-second)-support
Add PPS to autostart boot process:
sudo nano /boot/cmdline.txt
bcm2708.pps_gpio_pin=18 It must be on the same line, not on a new line
Sync to GPS 1-PPS signal for Pi PCM-Clock (PIN 12 / GPIO 18 = PCM_CLK / PWM0) or RTC for accuracy
sudo nano /etc/modules opens modules.conf with text editor (provide one too)
pps-gpio Add this line at end of the list
- Save your changes with ctrl-o <return/enter> then exit with ctrl-x and reboot
sudo lsmod | grep pps to check the loaded modules
output be like:
pps_gpio 2529 1 and pps_core 7943 2 pps_gpio
To run the pps command:
sudo ppstest /dev/pps0 it should fetch the data and print it
- First update & upgrade system:
sudo apt-get update for system updates
sudo apt-get upgrade for system upgrades
- You will need some libraries for this:
a) sudo apt-get install libraspberrypi-dev raspberrypi-kernel-headers i2c-tools for Kernel & Firmware
b) sudo apt-get install libsndfile1-dev for ALSA SND-lib
or download it directly SND
c) sudo apt-get install python3-dev for py3
d) RPi.GPIO lib v0.7.0+ for Py3 (also in repo)
or download via terminal: sudo wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/R/RPi.GPIO/RPi.GPIO-0.7.0.tar.gz
then extract: tar -xvf RPi.GPIO-0.7.0.tar.gz or a later version
and install it: sudo pip-3.7 install RPi.GPIO for Py3 (easiest way)
or alternative way: sudo apt-get -y install python3-rpi.gpio
e) Check i2C Bus: sudo i2cdetect -y 1
- Compiler installation:
a) GNU C Compiler GCC sudo apt-get install gcc-9.2.0 or g++
b) GNU Debugger GDB sudo apt-get install gdbserver
sudo rebootthen reboot to apply the changes
- Navigate to directory:
a) cd PiFunk with default path: /home/pi/PiFunk/
b) GCC Compiler flags:
You can use this flags in your makefile or directly in your terminal if you prefer it manually
-g3 for normal GNU compiler debug informations (1-3 level, 2 is default)
-ggdb3 for GNU debugger informations level 3
-pg for GNU Profiler (gprof) informations
-Q Prints function names & shows statistics about compilation passes
-O3 for optimization stage 1-3 (memory, speed etc.) via compiler
-Wall for debug all warning informations
-pedantic-errors for error console messages if problem between c99 and gnu extensions
-v Print compilation verbose informations
-std=c99 (as iso -std=iso9899:1999 strict)
-std=gnu99 with additional gnu extension for c99 (what i use)
(-std=gnu++17 if you like with version 11/14/17 or later)
-Iinclude for using include-directory with header files
-I/opt/vc/include/ for loading bcm headers folder-path
-Llib for using library-directory
-L/opt/vc/lib for loading bcm lib folder-path
-lgnu for loading extra gnu-lib extentions
-lm for math-lib it's obligatory!
-lbcm_host & -lbcm2835 for loading bcm firmware >= v1.20190718
-lpthread for loading process threads
-lgthread for loading graphic threads (not needed right now)
-lsndfile for loading ALSA "snd"-lib (sound)
-lpifunk for loading own pifunk lib if needed rather self-made beforehand see under b)
-shared for generating shared object (.so/.dll) libraries
-fPIC for generating position independent code (PIC) for bigger shared objects
-S (uppercase) for compiling Assembler code without linking
-c (lowercase) for compiling without linking for making object
-E for stopping after preprocessing stage in compilation
-C or CC (uppercase) for keeping the (all) comments in preprocessor
-D_USE_MATH_DEFINES for mathematical lib definitions
-D_GNU_C_SOURCE for loading GNU C Source Macros for non-std setups
(combining lot of different ones: ISO C89, ISO C99, POSIX.1, POSIX.2, BSD, SVID, X/OPEN, LFS)
-D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L for POSIX2 Macros needed with bcm (or 199309L for POSIX1)
-DRASPIX defines the macro to be used by the preprocessor here the Pi model X=0-4
-> will be detected by the Makefile via the type of the ARM-Processor
(other macros possible if in the C-code implemented)
-o for individual output-filename flag
- Generating libraries:
a) Automatic compilation
sudo make Using Makefile
Image of the GCC Flow-diagram for generating Libraries
*.c(pp)=C-code, *.h(pp)=headerfile, *.S=assembler-code,
*.i=assembled preprocessor C-code, *.s=preprocessed assembler-code,
*.o=compiled object, *.lib=static library, *.a=static archive, *.so=shared object, *.dll=dynamic linked library
*.out=default binary (program), pifunk(.bin)=executable binary
b) manually compiling/linking libraries:
sudo gcc pifunk.c -w -Q -std=gnu99 -g3 -ggdb3 -pg -Iinclude -I/opt/vc/include -Llib -L/opt/vc/lib/
-lbcm_host -lbcm2838 -lm -lpthread -lgnu -lsndfile -O3 -fPIC -D_USE_MATH_DEFINES -D_GNU_SOURCE -DRASPI1
-o lib/pifunk.o
sudo gcc pifunk.o -w -Q -std=gnu99 -g3 -ggdb3 -pg -Iinclude -I/opt/vc/include -Llib -L/opt/vc/lib/
-lbcm_host -lbcm2838 -lm -lpthread -lgnu -lsndfile -O3 -fPIC -D_USE_MATH_DEFINES -D_GNU_SOURCE -DRASPI1
-shared -o lib/pifunk.so
c) manually compiling/linking executable binary:
sudo gcc pifunk.c -Wall -Q -std=gnu99 -g3 -ggdb3 -pg -Iinclude -I/opt/vc/include
-Llib -L/opt/vc/lib/ -lbcm_host -bcm2835 -lm -lpthread -lgnu -lsndfile -O3
-D_USE_MATH_DEFINES -D_GNU_SOURCE -DRASPI1 -o bin/pifunk
d) optional Pi-Flags:
-march=armv6l architecture version of ARM ("native" is auto option)
-mtune=arm1176jzf-s special architecture type tuning
-mfloat-abi=hard floating-point ABI to use, permissible values are: ‘soft’, ‘softfp’, ‘hard’
-mfpu=vfp virtual floating point hardware module support pi1-4, for pi2/3/4 use ‘neon-vfpv4’
-ffast-math increase speed for float ops and outside the IEEE-standard and deactivates errno-functions
e) Makefile commands:
sudo make piversion for checking your pi version via make
sudo make for compilation with pre-configured flags for compilation for all Pi's
sudo make install for installing pifunk files incl. build folder
sudo make uninstall for uninstalling pifunk files
sudo make run for running pifunk with standard predefined flags
sudo make help for starting help command of pifunk
sudo make assistant for starting step-assistant of pifunk
sudo make clean for removing binary and library files
- Hardware-Setup:
a) Use (original) power supply 10 W, +5 V @ ~2 A or ~ +5 V / 500 mA via mini-USB 2.0 or 5 V Pins possible)
b) Check specifications: my Raspberry Pi B+ Rev. 1.2 @ 700 MHz / 512 MB RAM on ARM processor with driver bcm2835-v1.55
-> SoC from Broadcom depending on pi model: BCM2709, BCM2711 // BCM2835, BCM2836, BCM2837, BCM2837B0
for more infos on other boards just visit Adafruit
or Wikipedia Specifications Summary
c) Antenna to GPCLK0 (GPIO 4, PIN 7) for PWM (Pulse with Modulation)
@ 2-4 mA (max. 50 mA on ALL PINs and 16 per bank!)
-
Antenna should be grounded (see Pinout image) to prevent noise and other problems
-
For transmission you should use tested/certified antennas with mounts (BNC/SDA/PL - m/f) if possible
-
Tip: You could use just a copper wire for antenna:
CB 11 m-Band (lambda/2, 5.5 m, 216.535" in) and 70 cm-Band (PMR) (lambda(1/4), 17.0 cm, 6.7" in)
d) You can try to smooth the Resistance R out with a 1:X (1-43)
if using long HF antenna for adapting Resistance
or use a 1:1 balun choke with a ring e.g.: FT23 (ferrite core) - 43 (diameter)
with 2x 4 turns for CB (27 MHz) to smooth the HF out
or 1:1.5 (e.g. 4:6 / 8:12) from 75 Ohm (TV-cable) to 50 Ohm conversion
You can compare the different materials for specific frequencies:
- Dummy-load: 1-100 W @ 50 Ohm "cement" or similar (aluminium case) with cooler for testing
e) For handling overheating of the Pi's processor use cooling-ribs with fan (+5 V DC/0.2 A - 20x20 mm)
you can overclock the Pi if you want to on own risk but it's not recommended
f) RTC: Module DS3231 uses
+3.3 V (PIN 1), SDA0 (PIN 3, GPIO0 on I2C), SCL0 (PIN 5, GPIO 1 on I2C) & GND (PIN 9)
-> need to activate I2C in pi config!
g) GPS Module: Ublox Neo 8M (best one so far)
Pinout: +5 V (PIN 4), GND (PIN 6), RX to UART-TXD (GPIO 14, PIN 8), TX to UART-RXD (GPIO 15, PIN 10), PPS to PCM_CLK (GPIO 18, PIN 12)
it prints in NMEA format so change config ttyAMA0 to tty1
sudo cat /dev/ttyAMA0 or alternative sudo cat /dev/ttyS0
-> need to activate UART (serial 0) in pi config! Yes here crosswiring!! -> (RX of GPS receives what Pi TX'ed)
h) Morse-code-table:
Will be implemented later!
- Run with admin/root permissions:
Arguments: would be best to input in this specific order to prevent problems
Use '. dot' as decimal-comma separator!
[-n <filename.wav>] path & name of soundfile
[-f <MHz>] freq
[-s <kHz>] samplerate 2250 default
[-m <fm/am>] mod, mode for modulation
[-p <0-7)>] power 2-16 mA (level 7 default) for transmission
[-c <callsign>] your official callsign or individual nickname
additional/optional flags:
[-g <7 (default) or 21>] gpiopin, alternatives: 20,29,32,34,38 (not recommended)
[-d <0/7/14(default)/255>] dmachannel, 255 means off
[-b <6.25 (default)/10.00/12.50/20.00/25.00>] bandwidth of the signal
[-t <1=(a)nalog, 2=(d)igital>] type of modulation
[-x <on/off>] gps support
extra single menu-flags: -> no further argument needed
[-a] for assistant in step-by-step
[-u] for extra menu (csv, commandline)
[-h] for help with more infos and arguments
default: sudo ./pifunk -n sound.wav -f 446.006250 -s 22050 -m fm -p 7 -c callsign -g 7 -d 14 -b 12.50 -t 1 -x on
Radio works with .wav-file with 16-bit @ 22050.000 [Hz] mono / 0.1-700 to 1500 MHz range depending on the Pi.
It's recommended not to transmit on frequencies higher than the processor speed at the moment
to prevent stuttering/lags, but results would be interesting to know with overclocking.
Explicit CTSS-Tones (38 included) for PMR can be found here as a list: CTSS
- Warnings/Caution:
-
Private Project! It's Early Access & Work in Progress (WIP)!
-
NO guarantees/liabilities or warranties for any damages/injuries!!
-
Usage at your own risk !! I'm not a professional!
-
Check laws of your country first! Some Frequencies (MHz) & Powerlevels (W / Watt) are prohibited
or need at least a HAM-License! transmissions in EU only with 0.4 mW ERP "effective radiated power" allowed
-
Pi operates with square-waves (²/^2)!! Always use Low-/High-Band-Pass-Filters
for transmissions (TX) simultaneously on permitted frequencies! -> Bandpass-Diagram
with dry (not electrolytic, to prevent leakages) capacitors (C=10-100 pF (Farad)) with solenoid (ring)
toroid (ferrite material) chokes with an inductance (B=10-50 uH (Henry) like the FT37-43)
or resistors (R=~10 kOhm), diodes to prevent backflow
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Help / Testers and Feedback are always appreciated! :)
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Thank you and have fun 73!
- Additional Guidelines
License Guideline under Open-Source GPL v3.0
Would appreciate being named in the source, Thank you.
- Credits
based on scripts/snippets from pifm/am, pifmadv, pifmrds